What is the Difference Between Compostable and Biodegradable Paper?
创建于04.22
The difference between compostable and biodegradable paper lies in their decomposition processes, environmental conditions, and end results. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
1. Definition and Scope
Biodegradable Paper:Refers to paper that can break down naturally through microbial action over time, but without specifying the timeframe or environment. While all compostable materials are technically biodegradable, not all biodegradable paper is compostable. For example, glossy or coated paper (common in xerograph copies) may contain plastics or chemicals that prevent proper decomposition.
Compostable Paper:A stricter term requiring the material to break down fully into nutrient-rich humus (organic matter) under specific composting conditions (e.g., industrial composting facilities or home composts). It must meet standards like ASTM D6400 or EN 13432, ensuring no toxic residues remain.
2. Decomposition Conditions
Biodegradable Paper:
o Degrades in any natural environment (landfills, soil, water), but the process can take years or decades.
o May leave microplastics or harmful residues if mixed with non-organic additives (e.g., polymer films, inks).
Compostable Paper:
o Requires controlled conditions (specific temperature, moisture, and microbial activity) to decompose within 3–6 months.
o Must disintegrate completely into non-toxic components that enrich soil.
3. Material Composition
Biodegradable Paper:
o Often includes coatings like polyethylene (PE) or polylactic acid (PLA) to improve water resistance. While PLA is plant-based, it requires industrial composting to break down.
o Non-coated, unbleached papers (e.g., xerograph paper) are safer but still lack guaranteed compostability without certification.
Compostable Paper:
o Made from 100% organic fibers (e.g., sugarcane bagasse, bamboo, or unbleached wood pulp) with no synthetic additives.
o Designed to withstand hot liquids without chemical liners, making it ideal for food packaging like bowls or cups.
4. Certifications and Standards
Biodegradable:
o No universal certification. Claims can be misleading, as products may degrade partially or leave toxins.
Compostable:
o Requires third-party certifications (e.g., BPI, OK Compost) to verify compliance with industrial or home composting standards.
o Labels like "industrially compostable" or "home compostable" indicate specific use cases.
5. Environmental Impact
Biodegradable Paper:
o Risks contaminating compost streams if improperly labeled (e.g., PLA-lined bowls mistaken for compostable).
o Recycling is often hindered by mixed materials (e.g., plastic coatings).
Compostable Paper:
o Supports a circular economy by returning nutrients to the soil.
o Reduces landfill waste and methane emissions when processed correctly.
Key Takeaway:
Choose compostable paper for guaranteed eco-friendly decomposition, especially in food packaging. Look for certifications like BPI or ASTM D6400. For general use, opt for uncoated, non-glossy biodegradable paper but avoid products labeled vaguely as "biodegradable" without context.
Contact HEMING, find which food base paper interests you!
Ray
Ferrill
Evelyn